Instagram is the most detrimental social media platform to young people’s mental health, according to new research out of the U.K.

Researchers from the Royal Society for Public Health in conjunction with the Young Health Movement published the report entitled #StatusOfMind, which looks at the positive and negative effects of social media on young people’s health and well-being.

Snapchat ranked the second worst for mental health of the sites reviewed in the report, followed by Facebook. On the plus side, YouTube topped the list as the most positive, with Twitter coming in after it.

The researchers surveyed almost 1,500 teens and young people aged 14 to 24 from across the U.K. to score how each of the social media platforms they use impacts 14 specific factors related to their health and well-being.

These included emotional support, depression, body image, sleep, loneliness, self-expression, self-identity, community building, and bullying, among others.

Based on the ratings participants gave each social media platform, the five most popular were given a net average score to establish the following ranking:

1. YouTube (most positive)
2. Twitter
3. Facebook
4. Snapchat
5. Instagram (most negative)

The report also discusses ways to reduce the risks and calls for action from government and social media companies to help promote positive aspects of social media.
These recommendations include:

A pop-up “heavy usage warning” on social media – 7 in 10 young people surveyed supported the idea of getting an alert if they exceed a set level of usage on a site.
Spotting troubled users – 4 out of 5 supported social media platforms identifying users who could be suffering from mental health problems by their posts, and discretely signposting ways for them to get support.

Pointing out photo manipulations –more than two-thirds of the young people surveyed believe social media platforms should highlight when photos of people have been digitally manipulated.

“For young people, using social media and digital technologies as a tool to help with mental health make sense for many reasons,” said Dr. Becky Inkster, Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Cambridge. “Social media is a part of their daily lives and so care could be delivered in a lifestyle-integrated, self-managed approach.”

She also says social media offers a unique opportunity to communicate with young people in creative ways.

“As health professionals we must make every attempt to understand modern youth culture expressions, lexicons, and terms to better connect with their thoughts and feelings,” Inkster said.